Rheumatoid Arthritis|Psoriatic Arthritis Symptoms|Arthritis Treatment

Millions of people who suffer from arthritis find daily living quite difficult since their mobility is impaired. Some people find it a hard time to do routine tasks such as writing, grasping, reaching for objects, typing, cutting with scissors or walking a short distance very frustrating due to the swelling or inflammation in the joints brought about by arthritis. Sadly, arthritis afflicts the elderly who are left alone to attend to themselves while doing household chores or pursuing interests such as gardening. Good thing there are available products that make the life of arthritis sufferers easier and more tolerable. Many types of arthritis products suit different purposes and needs.

Popular arthritis products are assistive devices. These devices are created in mind for people with disability such as individuals who are moderately to severely debilitated by arthritis. For example, people with arthritis have difficulty in grasping objects which is a risk when it comes to using the toilet. Products such as bath handrails, hand held mirror, bath transfer bench, raised toilet seat riser, shower seat and commode with safety rails and bathtub rails were created to make bathing safer for people with arthritis.

Arthritis products also include mobility aids that are extremely beneficial for people with arthritis. Mobility is an issue for most people with arthritis, products such as cane holder, gel hand pads, wheel chair hand grips and wheel chair backpacks add ease and convenience to those who use the wheelchair or crutches.

While normal people find getting out of bed an easy task, those with arthritis find this very challenging especially if they are on their own. Mobility aids such as bed handles, transfer handles, bed rails provide superb support for those who need to get out from bed as well as try to lay down in bed. Some arthritis products also include personal alarms so the elderly does not have to shout all the time whenever he needs some help or assistance.

Even silverware are now designed for those with arthritis. Adaptive silverware are also a type of arthritis products that helps the person eat conveniently using flatware suited for those who have hand arthritis. Even can openers and jar openers were crafted to suit the needs of people with arthritis.

Indeed, arthritis products makes life more easy, efficient and practical for people with arthritis.

The role of arthritis exercise for those suffering from arthritis is not one which has been known for a very long time. Hip exercises for arthritis in particular has not really been heard of until these relatively recent years. In fact the common notion in the past is that once you suffer from arthritis, you should minimize movement in the affected area as much as you possibly can.

While the health benefits of exercise and other physical activity has already been tried and tested for a long time, its impact in terms of improving the conditions of people suffering from arthritis is just presently gaining recognition. For those suffering from arthritis, exercise serves primarily to: maintain and bring back lost or diminished movement in the affected area; strengthen and improve endurance of the muscle; and keep the patient emotionally healthy and active. Exercise is also vital in terms of pain management of the affected joints.

Hip exercises for arthritis, specifically for those suffering from hip osteoarthritis, are not too common compared to those exercises geared toward those with knee osteoarthritis. This is probably because exercises for the hips are less likely to be developed due to the nature of the movement of the hip itself as compared to the knee or other jointed parts of the body. If any at all, some hip exercise varieties may require the use of special equipment for that purpose. This is significant since in the United States alone, one out of four Americans can suffer hip osteoarthritis in their lifetime.

In 2005, a research conducted in the Netherlands showed that a supervised exercise program alleviated symptoms of hip osteoarthritis in some adults. 109 men and women ages 55 and up suffering from hip osteoarthritis were divided into exercising and non-exercising groups. Those in the exercising group were given one hour a week of supervised strength exercise sessions and lower body exercises that could be done at home.

After eight weeks, the results showed that those in the exercising group experienced relief from pain caused by arthritis which lasted for 3 months. On the other hand, those in the non-exercising group suffered more pain than they previously had. Hip function for the exercise group also improved although no long term effects of this nature were recorded. This led to the conclusion that exercise can indeed aid in the management of conditions caused by hip arthritis but further research is still needed in this area.

At any rate, with or without research to back it up, arthritis exercise, and more specifically hip exercises for arthritis, can do more good than just relieving the pain caused by the disease. As with any other person, exercise can help maintain an overall good health of someone suffering from arthritis. Since hip osteoarthritis is incurable at present, activities that can help lessen the symptoms such as exercise is always encouraged. Physicians treating people with this condition would do well to take the time to explain the importance of exercise in managing arthritis.

Swelling of the joints is one of the most evident symptoms related to psoriatic arthritis, causing considerable pain to victims. As well as being excruciating, the puffiness also leads to patchy skin. Because this type of arthritis is linked to psoriasis and consequently can be to blame for additional health problems all through the body, together with effects in the knees, scalp, and elbows and the development of sores on the toenails and fingers. Puffy fingers and toes are additionally usually observed in sufferers of this type of arthritis.

While scientists have come to consider that getting this type of arthritis appears to be connected to someone's living conditions and surroundings, as well as their genes, the precise reasons of this disorder are not yet completely realized by doctors. It's critical for a person who starts to become aware of indications normally linked with psoriatic arthritis to go see their physician and discover if their symptoms are associated to this illness.

Identifying this condition can be completed by a physician following a physical assessment that might entail x-rays and blood tests. These tests will permit the physician to ascertain if the cause is psoriatic arthritis or another disorder. It's better to see your physician as quickly as feasible so that you can start to remedy your symptoms appropriately.

If your physician diagnoses you with psoriatic arthritis, you'll receive a number of various treatment choices open to you. A few are easy self-help treatments, whereas others entail taking prescriptions that have been specifically intended to treat this form of arthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects more than 20 million Americans.

OA is a disease of hyaline cartilage, the tough "gristle" that caps the ends of long bones. Hyaline cartilage consists of a matrix of proteoglycans which are complex arrangements of proteins and sugar molecules. In addition, there is a framework of tough collagen fibers.

Inside this proteoglycan/collagen matrix are cells called chondrocytes. The maintenance of cartilage is dependent on normal metabolic function of these chondrocytes.

Cartilage, when loaded or exposed to shearing forces, acts as a shock absorber. It will partially deform but springs back to its normal shape. It also provides a gliding surface which is facilitated by a small amount of synovial fluid, produced by the joint lining, that acts as a lubricant.

OA is a wear and tear disease of articular cartilage and results from the lack of ability of cartilage to keep up with excessive breakdown.

A disturbance in the matrix causes loss of cartilage resiliency. Inflammatory proteins, called cytokines, and destructive enzymes, called proteases degrade cartilage.

While there are no therapies that can halt the gradual destruction and wearing away of cartilage, there are some treatments that provide palliative relief.

These include analgesic medicines (pain relievers), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), physical therapy, exercise, and injections of glucocorticoids and viscosupplements.

A new treatment, called nerve growth blocking factor, was initially tested in clinical trials a few years ago. These drugs block nerve growth factor, a protein causing certain nerve cells to grow. This drug proved to be profoundly effective for relieving the pain of OA of the knee.

Unfortunately, a significant number of volunteers in the studies experienced complications, termed "joint failure."

"These included 83 cases of rapidly progressing osteoarthritis where bone and cartilage deteriorated and 30 cases of osteonecrosis, which is bone death caused by poor blood supply," according to Nona Colburn, a clinical reviewer with the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health.

The makers of these drugs feel these complications were due to patients using anti-nerve growth factor drugs along with NSAIDS and have recommended that if the drugs are marketed patients not use them alongside NSAIDS.

The manufacturers also have said that if studies are resumed, they will use lower doses of the anti-nerve growth factor drugs, limit the amount of NSAID a patient can take during the trials, and also screen volunteers for conditions that might predispose them to joint failure complications.

Arthritis is the #1 cause of disability in the world with more than 350 million people affected. 1/7 of the total people affected with arthritis live in the U.S. They suffer from severe limitations, absenteeism, obesity, high cholesterol, heart disease, depression and fears their symptoms could get worse. It's estimated that the total cost of arthritis cases is close to $100 billion of which nearly 50% accounts from lost earnings. Each year, arthritis results in nearly 1 million hospitalizations and close to 45 million visits to health care centers. More than 70% of people who are affected by arthritis in North America are over the age of 65. It's more common in women than men at all ages and affects all races, ethnic groups and cultures.

There's over 100 type of arthritis, some more severe then others. The primary forms of arthritis range from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, gout and pseudo-gout, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, still's disease to ankylosing spondylitis. The secondary forms of arthritis are link to other diseases and complications. They ranges from Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, lyme disease, hepatitis, haemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Henoch-Sch繹nlein purpura to Wegener's granulomatosis.

The one that affects the most people is osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. It comes as a result of natural aging, trauma or infection of the joint. Other well known types are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and autoimmune diseases. These types causes the body to attack is own tissues while others like septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. The most common symptoms for all arthritis disorders include varied levels of pain, swelling, joint stiffness, ache around one or many joints, fever, weight loss, poor sleep, malaise and feeling of tiredness. These symptoms should be taken seriously and treated early to prevent any complications.

Available treatments include drugs such as corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants (cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira). Physical therapy, exercise, orthopedic bracing, medications, dietary supplements, arthroplasty (joint replacement surgery) and natural remedies may be the solution depending of the arthritis. Clinical examination, radiology and blood tests made from an appropriate health professional are key for a good diagnosis.

Let's face it: arthritis is such a difficult condition. It is painful and uncomfortable, it is permanent, and can set it anytime. There are actually over a hundred types of arthritis, but it is generally safe to assume that arthritis is an inflammation or swelling of the joints, and causes an insurmountable amount of pain and immobility to the joints.

It has been found that omega 3 fatty acids in fish oil can provide tremendous relief from arthritis, especially if you are suffering from rheumatoid or osteoarthritis. Before we move onto finding out how these omega 3 acids help, let us familiarize ourselves with these dietary fats and the connection between omega 3 fatty acids in fish oil and arthritis.

There are actually two kinds of polyunsaturated fats that play significant roles for inflammation: omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. It has been found that most people, especially those who suffer from arthritis, get too much of omega-6's in their diet than omega-3's. The abundance of omega-6 has been found to be detrimental to arthritis sufferers.

You see, omega-6 fatty acids help produce inflammatory agents called eicosanoids or prostaglandins. These compounds have significant roles to play in the body and are linked to important functions, including the relaxation and contraction of smooth muscles. Getting just enough of omega-6 in the diet (sourced from vegetable oils, sweets, crackers and even junk food) can be helpful, but higher doses are not and can lead to many health problems, including the production of pro-inflammatory agents - those that enhance inflammation rather than prevent them.

Omega-3 fatty acids, on the other hand, richly found in fish oil, are also converted into eicosanoids. The interconversion happens at a much slower rate, and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (not the "pro" ones) are involved. The chemicals released by omega-3 alleviate inflammation and stops it right at the very core.

Fish oil for arthritis: better than NSAIDs

For the longest time, NSAIDS have been the only relief available for rheumatoid arthritis sufferers. Sure, they work, but compromise health because it brings about higher risk for heart attack, stomach bleeding, among many others. Intake of NSAIDs for a prolonged period of time actually lead to more harm than good. As an alternative, fish oil supplementation does not only reduce your pain naturally, but also brings you a multitude of health benefits as well: including promotion of heart and brain health, better focus and memory, and overall better health.

Fish oil naturally stops inflammation

Omega-3 fish oil can effectively heal the pain of arthritis sufferers. Since these essential fatty acids also encourage better cardiovascular function, which means that systemic inflammation is not just reduced, you can have a shot at permanently waving your pain goodbye. For arthritis sufferers, fish oil does not only offer alleviation from the pain and the swelling, it does so naturally that there are no unwanted side effects to expect.

Despite famous lines to the contrary, weird remedies don't always work to cure some natural conditions! William Shakespeare once claimed some benefit in the famous formula doled out as; "eye of newt, tongue of frog, wool of bat and hair of dog!" These aren't really feasible remedies to cure a rash?

There are some better homemade remedies than those and ones that do not attempt to fix the problem usually underlying a rash. After all, Shakespeare was only a poet! But what can we take away from natural home cures for common rashes? Do they really do more than just make the affected skin feel better?

For generations, humans have relied on natural remedies and old wives' tales from everything on how to prolong life to how to cure skin break-outs. While these potions are simple and cheap, these old-fashioned remedies are made from ingredients from your herb garden or pantry. Most of these ancient "cures" are more soothing than curative of these itchy maladies and none have been seen to work in the rash-sufferer's system to actually prevent further rash discomfort.

A long respected balm for irritated skin is an oatmeal poultice, which soothes as it reputedly draws out impurities and inflammation from the skin. A modern way to fashion this old-time remedy is to moisten oatmeal straight from the package and apply a thick warm glob to the affected skin for a soothing relief. The oatmeal should not be allowed to stay on the skin too long; leaving it in place could become abrasive and undo the soothing effect of the warm wet oats!

While this tried and true home remedy, warm soothing oats smeared all over your rash has a chance of making the rash feel better, in fact, it will not cure the rash nor the reason for its appearance in the first place, but many people try it when they become desperate.

Don't become desperate! I will actually tell you how to get rid of a rash!

Since a rash is most likely the skin's honest response to something the body does not like, merely rubbing a potion on it, no matter how natural and well-respected that something is, will not cure the rash, as it originates from the body's response to something that makes its immune system fight to heal itself.

Occasionally, the effect of too little sleep will cause a rash-like apparition under the sleep-deprived eyes. This can be made more comfortable by the application of moist tea bags over the eyelids and skin beneath the eyes. This also works on some individuals as a way to remedy bags under the eyes, also a manifestation of too little sleep.

Rashes are a usual reaction to something the body is unhappy with; some medically trained personnel believe this extends to accumulated wastes building up in the body and advocate root-based body cleansers known to make the body sweat.

Examples of this are burdock root, yarrow root, sarsaparilla root, red clover root, and Polk root. While these natural compounds are readily available at natural foods stores and seem to have no toxic effects on the body, they also have no demonstrated preventative effects on various rashes. The reality is that most 'wives tales' are exactly that, and very ineffective.

The best way to simply remedy or prevent an itchy rash is to avoid substances that you have an allergy to. This is not always possible as new allergies can pop up in the body without any warning.

Staying away from items known to cause an allergic reaction or that make you feel strange and out of sorts is one easy way to begin to identify items that you may be sensitive to, without waiting for them to give you a rash!

While there are over a 100 distinct types of arthritis, there are common ones from which majority of people suffer.

The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disorder that usually results from the natural decline of the body from old age. Other common causes of osteoarthritis are events that cause trauma to the joints, or the infection of a joint. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases estimates that one out of eight Americans aged 25 years and older suffer from osteoarthritis. The spread of the age group of people who suffer from osteoarthritis is attributed to the fact that it is caused both by injury and old age.

With osteoarthritis, pain results from the inflammation of the joints because of the wearing out of the cartilage, which cushions and protects joints. In the absence or lessening of this protective cartilage, pain results from simple and usual movements like walking, standing, or any activity that causes the joints to bear weight. As a result of the pain, many people who suffer from osteoarthritis lessen their physical activity, causing further degeneration of their muscles and ligaments.

While people who suffer from osteoarthritis feel general joint stiffness and joint pain, only a third of them complain from excessive pain and inflammation around the joints. The progression of osteoarthritis also vary greatly among people, with some acquiring osteoarthritis suddenly and some developing it gradually. The joints most usually affected with osteoarthritis are fingers, the neck, the lower back, the knees, and the hips.

Rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis occurs when the body attacks itself. These two types of arthritis are generally classified as auto-immune diseases precisely because it is caused by this bodily mechanism. Rheumatoid arthritis is a painful inflammatory systemic disease that can eventually lead to a loss of mobility because of excessive pain and joint destruction. It also can affect adjacent organs like the skin, blood vessels, lungs, heart, and even muscles. A good 60% of patients who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis lose their mobility and capacity to work some ten years after their initial diagnosis.

Another common form of arthritis is gout or metabolic arthritis. In this congenital disease, the uric acid metabolism breaks down, causing the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints. The deposit of uric acid crystals in the joints causes an inflammatory reaction as uric acid concentration in the bloodstream rises. Because the uric acid crystal deposits continue to accrue in the joints, these eventually erupt out into the skin that discharge white, chalk-like material. Gout usually attacks the big foot first, but may attack a number of other joints like the heel, the ankle, the wrist, the instep, knee, elbows, and even the spine.

Travel can be exciting particularly if it is to a vacation destination.

Here are some useful tips for airline travelers with arthritis.

Prepare ahead of time. Make sure your agenda is set and that the proper travel arrangements have been made. Double check the airport flight times and triple check them the day before you go. Often, flight times can change at the last minute. If you can, print your boarding passes ahead of time. Most domestic airlines allow you to do this 24 hours before a flight. These measures will help reduce the stress of getting to the airport and finding out that your travel arrangements have been completely changed. Sites like Travelocity or other similar sites can get you the best fares and will also notify you of flight changes. While you're at it, make sure your passport is up to date if you're traveling abroad.

Find out through your travel arranger or through a guidebook a way to find an English speaking doctor should you need one. Carry your insurance information with you.

If you have an executor, let them know who your attorney is prior to your trip. It's not the most pleasant thing to think about but you should make sure, in the event of a tragedy, that things are taken care of.

If you are traveling to foreign countries, use a neck pouch to carry your important papers and money. You may be considered an easy mark for thieves if you carry your valuables in a regular purse. Since ATMs are available almost everywhere except for very remote areas, it makes sense to limit the amount of cash you carry around at any one time.

Make a packing list. Make a list of the clothes items, then a list of other things like your wallet, cash, planner, sunglasses, camera, etc. Remember that federal regulations will limit what you can take on board. This is particularly a problem when you take a number of medications.

Make sure your medicines are in properly labeled prescription containers so the TSA people don't take them away from you. Do not put your medicines in your checked luggage! Ever!

If you think you need assistance, call the airlines and make sure they are aware you need a wheelchair. Most airlines are very accommodating. If you plan on doing a lot of walking and your arthritis affects your hips, knees, or feet, use a cane or walking stick. It will help a lot. While you're at it, make sure to invest in well-cushioned, supportive footwear. Don't economize here!

Make sure to get a note from your doctor if you have to travel with medicines like Enbrel or Humira that require a small cooler. This will speed your trip through security. If possible, check your baggage at the curb. It'll save a lot of time. Also, if you have metallic joint replacements, get a note from your doctor; otherwise, your journey through security could be a very interesting one.

Use wheelie luggage carriers instead of a shoulder bag. A travel vest that has lots of pockets also is very useful for carrying around stuff that ordinarily you might have to use a bag for.

Travel on board an airplane can be a painful experience if you're not prepared. Bring along a neck support pillow. The airline should also supply you with a small pillow you can use to support your low back. Get an aisle seat so you can get up and walk. Stretch. Do this as much as you can.

While sleeping on a flight is sometimes difficult, some rest is better than none at all.

The buttons to provide air conditioning or lighting are sometimes hard to reach and grasp. Again, don't be shy about asking for assistance.

While we're on the topic of buttons, Velcro fasteners are convenient, lightweight, and are a good idea for use with travel clothes.

Sometimes it makes sense to keep your carryon with you. When placed on the floor, it makes a nice footrest. You will have to stow it under the seat in front of you on take off and landing.

Drink plenty of water. This will help you with fatigue which is a problem for anyone, let alone somebody with arthritis. While current regulations don't allow you to take bottled water from home on board, you can use a water bottle and fill it at a water fountain before getting on board.

If you need to store stuff in the overhead bins, ask for help. Don't be shy. People are more than glad to help. The same goes for taking it out of the overhead bin.

Make sure that when you schedule your trip, you also schedule time for "rentry." In other words, make sure that when you arrive home, you have created enough space so you don't have to dive right back into work or other responsibilities.

Arthritis literally means "joint inflammation". The word comes from the Greek words arthro meaning "joint" and -itis meaning "inflammation". Arthritis can occur in any joint in the body, from the small joints of the fingers to the major joints, such as the hips or knees. The two main types of arthritis are degenerative, meaning it is caused by excessive use of the joint, or autoimmune, meaning the immune system attacks the joints, believing them to be disease-causing cells. There are other types, including some caused by an infection of the joint or by the body depositing different substances in the joint, which can cause inflammation. The inflammation, regardless of its cause, can lead to swelling, pain and stiffness. This pain and stiffness can cause movement loss and limit the normal day to day activities of an arthritis patient. However, with treatment, the pain and stiffness can be managed and most daily activities can be accomplished.

Degenerative arthritis types are caused by excessive use of the joint. This means it is more often seen in the elderly than other age groups. However, people who use a joint a lot, such as sports players or factory workers that perform repetitive movements all day may also develop any of the degenerative arthritis types. The degeneration is caused when the tissues surrounding the joint become worn and unable to work properly. The degeneration can be treated with glucocorticoid injections and the pain can be managed with over the counter pain medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Autoimmune arthritis types occur when a person's immune system attacks their joints. The most common types of autoimmune arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The treatment for these diseases is similar; both rely heavily on controlling the inflammation and preventing joint damage. This can be accomplished using either non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). DMARDs are thought to improve rheumatoid arthritis by interrupting the cycle of inflammation and joint damage. Once the inflammation is under control, many people find that their pain decreases to a manageable level. This is done with over the counter pain medications.

Some arthritis, such as septic arthritis, is caused by a joint infection. This is usually treated with antibiotics to get rid of the infection and mild painkillers to manage the pain until the infection and resulting inflammation, has cleared up. Patients usually recover fully from septic arthritis, although many may develop a form of degenerative arthritis later in life. Another type of arthritis is caused by deposits of certain molecules in the joints. This is either gout or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, CPPD. Gout is caused by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joint. With CPPD, the body deposits calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joint. Treatment is usually aimed at preventing any more crystal formation and controlling symptoms of deposited crystals. For a single joint this is accomplished by draining the fluid off the joint and injecting corticosteroid, while taking NSAIDs to control the pain. When multiple joints are affected, corticosteroid injection is impractical so an oral course of corticosteroidal treatment is followed. Gout can also be controlled through dietary changes.

Psoriasis can begin at or shortly after birth but in most children it usually does not occur until school age. Usually a family history of the disorder is quite normal. When present in babies or infants, it normally starts in the diaper area (napkin psoriasis) and can spread elsewhere over the body. In children, psoriasis can develop as small, flat or raised, red, discrete areas that develop a thick, silvery scale. These small areas can join together to form raised, thick, scaling plaques. A sharp edge separating infected area from the normal skin. Common areas infected include the scalp, ears, elbows, knees, buttock crease, genitals and nails. The most common type of psoriasis in children is chronic plaque-type psoriasis, with raised, thick, scaling areas. It must be pointed out that Psoriatic arthritis is normally rare in children.

In up 33% in children, the first showing of psoriasis can be multiple, small, teardrop-shaped, scaling, raised lesions, known as guttate psoriasis. It is possible that children might pick up an infection of guttate psoriasis following a cold (upper respiratory infection), normally a bacterial infection of the throat (streptococci pharyngitis or "strep throat"). But occasionally, a bacterial infection (streptococci) of the rectum can lead to a spell of guttate psoriasis. Also, if the child is prone to tonsillitis, psoriasis could repeat itself with future cases of tonsillitis. Guttate psoriasis most commonly affects the back, abdomen, arms and legs. While a child might have a fever with a bacterial infection, it is not normal for children to have a fever with psoriasis.

In children, as with adults, psoriasis can start with an injury (Koebner's phenomenon). Psoriasis may occur along a scratch or appear after abrasions, cuts or insect bites. This information could be a helpful indication in diagnosing psoriasis.

Scalp Psoriasis is very common in children, scaling, raised lesions can be found either behind the ears and/or along the hairline, or the entire scalp. This can result in the shedding of white scales from the scalp, commonly mistaken for dandruff.

The genitals are also often affected in children., particularly babies and infants. The penis, groin, buttock crease and labia are common sites of infection. Fingernails and toenails can be affected, the nails may become pitted or rough, Lifting of the nail from the surrounding skin can also occur (onycholysis). Occasionally in children, all 20 nails may be involved.

Mesenchymal stem cells, also known as MSCs, are cells that can differentiate into a number of cell types.

The distinction here should be made between the term "multipotent" and the term "pluripotent."

Stem cells (SCs) obtained from an adult are multipotent. While they can differentiate into a number of different cell types, their ability to differentiate is somewhat limited. That makes them different from embryonic stem cells. These are SCs obtained from fetuses. Embryonic SCs are "pluripotent" meaning they can differentiate into virtually any type of cell. While this makes them almost ideal for tissue repair, there are potential problems. The first is the ethical one that is still being debated in many quarters. The second is that while their power to differentiate is unquestioned, the ability to turn them off at the right time is a concern.

Adult MSCs can differentiate into various types of connective tissue which makes them valuable as a potential source of regenerative tissue for the treatment of disorders such as arthritis. In fact, adult MSCs are often referred to as "repair" SCs.

MSCs are found in the bone marrow, synovium (lining of the joint), the pulp of deciduous (baby) teeth, fat, and muscle.

Another source of MSCs is the umbilical cord.

Researchers are now discovering the various factors that cause MSCs to home in different areas of disease and damage.

Small proteins called chemokines apparently attract MSCs because these cells have receptors for chemokines on their surface. When a tissue is damaged or diseased, there is a release of chemokines which then travel via the bloodstream. When these chemokines bind to receptors on the surface of MSCs, they cause the stem cells to migrate to the site of injury.

In addition, other substances, called adhesion molecules, also present on the surface of MSCs play a role in cell migration to an area of injury.

To date, multiple methods for introducing SCs have been used. For example, orthopedic surgeons tout the benefits of microfracture. While short term benefit may be derived, microfracture surgery requires lengthy recuperation. Also, studies have demonstrated that the type of cartilage produced by microfracture is weaker fibrocartilage as opposed to the more desirable and stronger hyaline cartilage.

Recently, some studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of MSCs in combination with fat and platelet rich plasma in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Further studies need to be done to corroborate the early research.

What is unknown at the present are the following:

How many MSCs are required for repair of large areas of damage such as is found in osteoarthritis?

What is the role of MSCs in modulating immune system function? Some studies indicate these SCs have immunomodulatory effects.

While marrow contains a large number of MSCs, fat actually has a greater number per unit volume. Therefore, what is the role of fat in tissue regeneration?

Is there a method for inducing the chemokine and adhesion molecule functioning so as to enhance stem cell repair?

What is the optimal environment which permits SC reparative function?

Although they are both skin conditions, by assessing the areas of the skin that are affected, it is possible to see what the differences between these two skin complaints are. They are both types of dermatitis, which simply means 'inflammatory conditions relating to the skin.'

Eczema is made up of very dry, scaly and itchy skin patches, that are also often red and inflamed. There may also be small blisters present in these areas, which can 'weep' and become infected. The areas most affected are the insides of the elbows, the hands, and neck and the inside of the knees, as well as other areas of the legs. Some people even have dry, itchy areas on their faces, including their eyes and scalp. Scratching the itchy skin makes the itch worse and can break the skin too, which can lead to infection.

This skin condition can be worsened by skin irritants, like certain washing powders, clothing, soaps, perfumes, animal fur and other household and industrial chemicals that the skin comes into contact with. Specific foods can also make the condition worse, and gluten and dairy are often the culprits.

The immune system of the person afflicted reacts to either the environmental triggers, or specific foods, or both, and the skin reacts by becoming inflamed, causing the symptoms of distress, which manifest as eczema. Stress can also worsen eczema.

However when the body is provided with specific nutrients, to heal the skin and enable it become healthy and retain moisture, then the skin becomes more resilient to external triggers. When the immune system is nourished, it becomes better able to cope with both internal and external triggers. Strengthening the digestive system also facilitates less food sensitivities. Addressing all these issues leads to healthier skin.

Psoriasis consists of raised areas of skin, often on the opposite area to where eczema usually appears, like the outside of the elbows, and the knees. The skin also has a rough, flaky, silvery appearance and can appear red too. When the condition gets severe the skin will also start to itch, and can even flake off, leaving bleeding skin underneath. This condition can accompany sore joints, and then the condition is called psoriatic arthritis.

Psoriasis is an auto-immune disease, and is caused by a the skin receiving a faulty signal that speeds up both the growth of new skin cells and the turnover of existing skin cells. This means that the skin builds up extra layers, leading to dry, hard and itchy patches on various parts of the skin.

There are certain environmental factors that can worsen this skin condition, such as stress, extremes of temperature, and infections. There may be a genetic predisposition to this affliction.

Once again, when the body is provided with specific nutrients, it is capable of addressing this problem. When the cells are given what they require to function optimally, the skin is one of the first areas that will reflect this improvement in cellular functioning.

These skin conditions are not contagious, but do cause untold misery for the sufferers, with many millions of people, all over the world, suffering from them.

Cortisone creams are often prescribed to help address the irritation and inflammation that accompany these skin conditions. Over time this form of treatment can make the skin more sensitive and doesn't solve the underlying cause of the condition.

(If you are still unsure of what your particular skin condition is, it is advisable to see a dermatologist to make the final assessment.)

Although prescription medicine and OTC (over the counter) compounds are used by millions of people, every day, in an attempt to solve these skin conditions, the underlying cause is very seldom addressed. Essential fats have an enormously important role to play in every single cell in your body. The skin needs these specific nutrients in large quantities, to remain healthy and robust, therefore it is the first issue in the diet that should be addressed. Removing specific foods, as well as environmental triggers is the next step, although the essential fats also play a role in modulating the immune system, so these triggers could become less irritating to the body and therefore the skin, when the immune system becomes healthier. Digestive enzymes may also be helpful as they help with protein digestion, which when hampered, often leads to food sensitivities.

Arthritis is a joint disorder resulting in joint inflammation and pain. Knee joint is a major weight bearing joint of our body, and therefore is quite vulnerable to increased rate of wear and tear. Before learning about arthritis knee pain management, we have to understand the structure and functioning of the knee joint. Knee joint is, by nature, a hinge joint, allowing flexion normally to a maximum of 135 degrees but no extension. The functioning of knee joint allows free movement of the legs, and the joint is also capable of bearing the entire body weight.

The knee joint is the point where the femur or thigh bone and the large shinbone or tibia meets. The joint is comprised of three compartments: the inner or medial compartment, outer or lateral compartment and the knee cap or patella joining the femur to form the third compartment named as patellofemoral joint. The knee joint lies protected within a capsule and collateral ligaments are there both on the inside and outside of the joint, and also ligaments cross each other within the joint, and are known by the name of cruciate ligaments.

These ligaments hold the bones in place, and also impart strength and stability to the joint. The junction where the femur and tibia meet, the cartilage meniscus occurs. Meniscus serves as a cushioned pad allowing the bones to move freely without friction, and also absorbing the load of body weight above knee while standing. Below the knee cap, a large tendon called patellar tendon occurs. This tendon is attached to the front part of tibia bone. The thigh muscles, quadriceps muscles and hamstring muscles surrounding the knee relax and contract to allow knee movement.

Cause and Symptoms of Arthritis Knee Pain

Arthritis knee pain occurs due to degeneration or wear and tear of the meniscus or inflammation of soft tissues surrounding the knee. Aging of body makes the meniscus weak and incapable of repairing itself after the daily wear and tear. As a result of which it may start tearing or flaking. Once the cartilage is lost due to degeneration, the shin bone and thigh bone are exposed to friction which may develop bony outgrowths or spurs called osteophytes. The above occurrence makes the knee painful. Pain may occur also when rheumatic arthritis invades the delicate tissues around the knee joint.

Another cause of knee pain due to arthritis is the crystallization of uric acid within the joint cavity. This actually occurs in case of gout. Swelling of knee due to arthritis may lead to accumulation of fluid in a cyst behind the knee. Such a cyst is called Baker's cyst, and it is one common reason for pain at the back of the knee. The common symptoms associated with knee pain due to arthritis are swelling, warmth in the joint, inflexibility or stiffness, redness of skin around the joint, locking sensation in the joint, crunching sound while moving knee.

Rumatone Gold Capsule and Oil are natural remedies for arthritis knee pain relief. These herbal supplements and anti-inflammatory massage oil are specifically formulated to ease pain and inflammation associated with knee pain.

A large salt lake, located between the shores of Jordan and Israel, is the source of the popular Dead Sea salt. This unique salt is prized for its therapeutic and beautifying effects.

So what makes the salt from this Middle Eastern sea so special?

Minerals!

That's right... this body of water, and the mud surrounding it, are filled with health and beauty promoting minerals. Mineral salts, and those from the Dead Sea in particular, share a long history.

Enjoying a mineral soak is an honored custom in many countries. This bathing ritual has been a long held tradition in many places around the world such as Europe and Japan. Now, a growing body of scientific research is offering support for this custom. As evidence of the health benefits of mineral salt mounts, popularity of the product increases.

Salt Therapy

The therapeutic benefits of Dead Sea salts are abundant. In addition to easing the annoying symptoms of dry skin, there are reports of improvement or relief from...

* Rheumatologic conditions. Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Osteoarthritis are eased. The skin absorbs the minerals during a bath. In turn, blood circulation is stimulated.

* Skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and eczema. These ailments often improve. Research suggests relief may be due to the high level of magnesium. This increases skin hydration as it reduces inflammation.

But that's not all. Dead Sea salt also facilitates relaxation and aids stress reduction. It enhances both skin and health. Plus, a long soak in this compound is an easy prescription to follow. In fact, it is a pure pleasure.

All this from a package of salt!

Unique Qualities

Of course this is no ordinary salt. But what makes it different?

Compared to regular salt water, this sea is quite low in sodium chloride. Ocean water is comprised of 97% sodium chloride whereas the Dead Sea contains only 12 to 18%. This leaves lots of room for powerful minerals such as:

* Bromide

* Calcium

* Magnesium

* Potassium

The combination of these minerals, in concentrated form, delivers powerful therapeutic benefits.

Bath and Beyond

Today, just as in ancient times, this distinct salt is not limited to bathing. In fact, its use in skin care creations has a long history... it can be traced way back to the early Egyptians. Cleopatra, the famous Queen of the Nile, is said to have soaked and slathered her body with this natural beauty product.

These wise people were definitely ahead of their time!

You'll find a large assortment of products, in addition to bath salts, that take full advantage of this ancient beauty secret...

* Foot soaks

* Foot and body scrubs

* Soaps

* Cosmetics

* Mud masks

* Body wraps

* Foot and skin creams

* Pain relief balms

There certainly is no lack of mineral solutions on the market!

Knee pain may be the result of overuse, inadequate warm-up or cool down, inadequate stretching and also poor form during physical activity. People suffering from knee pain due to simple causes often clear up on their own with simple care and applying simple remedy. Due to excess weight also there may be a greater risk for the problems of knee pain.

Usually knee pain is caused by -

1. One of the causes of the arthritis may be bursitis. It is an inflammation from the repeated pressure on the knee like if any one kneels for a long period, overuse or injury.

2. It is also caused due to arthritis which includes rheumatoid, gout, osteoarthritis or some other connective disorder like lupus.

3. It is also caused due to the baker's cyst. It is a fluid-filled swelling which is behind the knee and this problem is accompanied by inflammation due to other causes like arthritis. If there is a rupture in the cysts then it causes pain in the back of your knee which may travel down to your calf.

4. Tendinitis is also one of the causes of knee pain. It is related with the pain of the knee and especially in front of the knee which get in worse condition while going up and down stairs or inclines.

Severe pain and instability of the knee joints can be caused due to torn or ruptured ligaments. It may be caused due to strain and sprain, minor injuries to the ligaments.

Some of the remedies for knee pain

Yoga is very effective for treating knee pain. Doing regularly yoga with breathing exercises help you to relax and also to cure knee ache because it is caused by the mental stress also. Yoga helps to bring flexibility in the knee joint by natural way.

Warrior posture is also very helpful for reducing the joint pain. You can try this by standing with your feet 4 foot apart. Then turn your left foot in inward direction and right foot in outward direction. Keep your chests facing straight and in front. Stretch your both the arms and bend in the direction of right knee and also turn your head to look at your right knee. Repeat this process with each leg.

Usually the specialist also recommends that if you want to take off the load of the knee then perform at least 5 squats daily and once a day.

ReA also known as reactive arthritis is not the actual illness itself, but rather an autoimmune response to any type of infection in any part of the body.

In its simplest term, this type of arthritis is the natural reaction of the body when it encounters a particularly virulent strain of bacteria. This medical condition is highly dependent on the onset of another, more grievous ailment; hence the term, "reactive" or reacting to another.

These infections are not only dangerous and potentially life threatening; but its aftermath leaves so many drastic changes in the body that trying to sort out the initial cause may take some time. And while that goes on, the symptoms of ReA also escalate.

To make matters worse, it sometimes takes 1 to 3 weeks after initial infection before a person develops ReA. Some people are therefore more likely to believe that these aches may be irrelevant to the earlier ailment, and would delay medical consultation. This can be unfavorable to the person because arthritis has a high debilitating rate.

It is essential that this condition is detected and handled with at its earliest stage so that no permanent damage can happen to the affected joints. Unfortunately, without the correct diagnosis and the recommended treatment option, the symptoms of ReA would not go away on its own. It is necessary to treat the first condition before any successful arthritis treatment option can work.

As such, reactive arthritis is commonly triggered by a bout of bacterial infection - but fungal and viral infections are not unheard of. Some of the most common bacterial infections that lead to reactive arthritis are: Campylobacter spp., Chylamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Yersinia spp. Bacterial infection through food poisoning may also lead to this painful condition. Fungal infection after an unhealed fracture or trauma of the bone is another likely culprit. Virulent viruses, especially the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV can have ReA as one of its degenerative aftermaths.

Although this kind of arthritis may have different causes, health care providers can usually detect the onset of this medical condition via 3 avenues: the eyes, the knees and the urinary tract.

The patient usually complains of pains at the back of the eyes, and there are visible inflamed areas either all over the eyeball (conjunctivitis) or in the middle layer of one or both eyes (uveitis.) The larger joints of the knees are also severely affected that the person has a hard time bending these without pain, or using these to sustain his or her weight while walking. The joints of the hips and the joints that attach the shoulder and the forearms are also likely candidates for pain. And lastly, reactive arthritis can also cause a burning sensation in the urinary tract, while also increasing the frequency that a person has to urinate per day. These conditions are called dysuria and polyuria, respectively.

For people who have acquired genital bacteria, other urinary tract complications may occur like cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix); salpingitis (infection of the fallopian tubes); and vulvovaginitis (inflammation of the vaginal mucosa) in women. Meanwhile, men may suffer from prostatitis or the infection of the prostate glands.

Psoriatic arthritis is a condition that causes swelling in the joints and can result in considerable pain and also scaly patches on the skin. It is linked to the skin condition psoriasis and can also cause problems with other parts of the body, such as the scalp, elbows and knees. It has also been known to be the cause of lesions on the finger and toenails. Another symptom is pain and swelling in the joints and swelling in the toes and fingers. The causes of the disease are not well understood at the moment but it is possible that it may be inherited and that environmental factors could also play a part. If you suspect that you may have the condition it is essential to contact your doctor as soon as possible so that he can make the appropriate tests for a diagnosis.

When diagnosing psoriatic arthritis your doctor may conduct a physical examination, use x-rays and run some blood tests. This helps him to separate the suspected condition from other similar conditions and allows for a proper diagnosis. As with most diseases it is a good idea to see your doctor as early as possible as this can have a beneficial effect on the treatment. One of the best indicators for your doctor is if your nails and skin as well as your joints are affected. When treating the effects of the condition on the skin, doctors will commonly advise you to avoid powerful chemicals and soaps and to use a good skin cream that is lanolin based. Using simple and non-perfumed soaps can also be a good idea. Your doctor should be able to give you a good idea of the appropriate products and where to find them

Many doctors also recommend exercise as being beneficial for sufferers of psoriatic arthritis. This can have an overall beneficial effect on the patient, such as reducing swelling of the joints, improving mobility and increasing the general health and well-being of the patient. Also a good diet is important to your body's ability to deal with the disease.

Psoriatic arthritis is an unpleasant disease but with good treatment you should still be to live a relatively normal life. Although drugs are usually used to treat the pain associated with psoriatic arthritis there are also simpler treatments such as hot and cold compresses that can be of benefit to some patients. Although some people require surgery this is not often necessary and good treatment with drugs, diets, exercise and other alternatives will usually work well.

Arthritis Treatment

If you see your joints getting large, you must first dissolve the salt in your joints.
Make a pair of little bags into which you can put your hands, or your feet, or get some thick stockings or socks.

Prepare a poultice of onions and raw potatoes ground fine. Grind them with a vegetable grinder, then mix them and put enough into your bag or stocking so that there will still be room for your hands or feet. Tie it well above the ankle or wrist. Have a string through it like a sack, and draw it tight at the top. Then for something to keep the juice from coming through, use a paper bag for that. A twenty pound sugar bag will be all right. That will finish the job. Go off the bed and leave the wrapping on all night. Next morning take it off and wash the leg or arm thoroughly. Also wash out the bag and hang it on the line to dry. Do the same thing the next night again. Keep that up regularly.

Arthritis is a very difficult disease to cure because you have to dissolved a deposit in your joints. When this is dissolving, you are going to have pains, as in rheumatism. Why? Because of the uric acid which was first eaten in food. This gave rheumatic pains.
These were caused by acid then in your blood. Later, the acid settled in the joints. This uric acid slowly changed into urates, really salt by reason of age. The uric liquid has evaporated and left only the sediment of salt in the joints. If you choose to live on natural food and vegetable juices, the urates dissolve and are redeposited in the blood. You will perhaps blame the juice for giving you rheumatism, but oranges never gave anyone rheumatism. They only reliquify deposited urates in order to get them out of the system.

But to get rid of arthritis, get plenty of exercise. Bathe daily. Stimulate the muscles to throw off the impurities collected there. The more you perspire the quicker you will get rid of your arthritis. You must get the waste matter out. Neither fever nor perspiration will take it out-nothing but living as nature intended you should. You must live on live foods and natural juices as beverages between meals. You must give your body the organic salt it needs.

After two or three weeks of poulticing, change from monion-potato to flaxseed. Get some ground flax meal, put some into your bags, and dip into boiling hot water. Then take them out and let cool long enough so that you can comfortably put your hand into them. Tie just as you did the other poultice. Do that for two or three nights and then commence using half onion and potato, half flaxseed meal. The flaxseed poultice will furnish the lubricant and will take away the extreme skin dryness. Patience and endurance will be very essential, but you will be rewarded by complete freedom from arthritis.

This reconstruction work may cause an affliction of the heart for the period of the elimination, because all blood that is saturated with uric and other wastes will also affect the heart. Do not be alarmed. The fresh juices and other raw foods will counteract this condition. Drink as much natural fruit juice as you care to. Choose quantity, as well as variety, by taste.

Your hands are involved in almost every activity that you do and degenerative arthritis is highly likely to impact you at some time in your life. Everything you do, during your waking hours, involves the use of your hands. There are very few jobs that do not require strength and/or dexterity in the hands, whether it be a surgeon or a bricklayer.

Everyday jobs in the house, such as cooking, cleaning and particularly D-I-Y, can be a real concern if you have pain and stiffness in your hands. If your grip is weak or insecure, there is definite danger in the kitchen, with hot liquids and heavy utensils.

INFLAMMATION: is defined as a localized reaction of tissue to injury, infection or irritation,and that is the cause of the pain, stiffness and swelling in your joints. Inflammation symptoms certainly include pain and stiffness and may also show redness and swelling and, in some serious cases, distortion of the joint We commonly think of inflammation as the painful element of arthritis.

TREATMENT: is designed to relieve pain and restore function. Anti-inflammatory or other analgesic medication, with or without food supplements, such as glucosamine and/or chondroitin, may be of benefit in relieving pain.

You must take care not to over-use anti-inflammatory drugs. Arthritis sufferers with other medical conditions may find these drugs can have adverse reactions and exacerbate these other conditions, resulting in heart attacks, strokes or intestinal bleeding. An alternative way to get the anti-inflammatory effects is to use a cream or lotion to rub on the joint and therefore avoid ingesting the drug. This is best applied at bedtime. (See comments below on anti-inflammatory foods)

Heat treatment, either in the form of warm wax or paraffin baths, or by heat from a radiant health lamp may provide alleviation from the pain but it won't cure the condition. It is important to sustain motion in the fingers and use the hand as successfully as possible.

Plunging the hand in hot water, followed by cold water or ice and repeating the process will improve the circulation and bring temporary relief. A cortisone injection can often provide relief of symptoms, but does not cure the arthritis.

Surgery is a last resort, when the pain has become too great or where the stiffness and lack of movement has rendered the hand unusable. Sometimes the surgeon will decide to fuse the joint, by inserting a screw or a plate, which will unfortunately curtail the movement in that joint.

Depending on the patient and the severity of the operation, it can take a long time to recover from this operation. I had this operation on my right wrist and it was six months before I could hit a golf ball.

DIET: You can do a great deal to reduce your arthritis symptoms by eating a sensible diet.

Many foods have strong anti-inflammatory properties, including vegetables, fruits, herbs and spices. Ginger and turmeric are particularly good.

Fish oils, which contain two Omega 3 fatty acids, called EPA and DHA, are vital in keeping us in top form, particularly when it comes to heart and joints. Oily fish, such as sardines, tuna, mackerel and salmon are an important part of your diet, to provide Omega 3 oils, or an alternative to fish is cold pressed flax seed oil.

Foods containing a lot of animal fats are best avoided, together with preservatives and sugar. Processed foods and ready meals contain high levels of saturated fats. Processed meats such as lunch meats, hot dogs and sausages contain chemicals such as nitrites that are associated with increased inflammation and chronic disease.

Reduce smoking, which reduces the amount of oxygen in the tissues.

Pay attention to the Body Mass Index (recommended between 20 and 25) as an indication of your optimum body weight.

Minerals, vitamins and antioxidants are vitally important. Vitamin E combined with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids has been shown to reduce the severity of the arthritis and reduce the pain. Fruit and vegetables are a fundamental component of a healthy diet, because they contain a rich supply of antioxidants.

Vitamin D is not present in many foods. It plays a crucial part in helping the body absorb calcium, which is necessary for bone strength and in fighting osteoporosis. So, it's a good idea to take vitamin D supplements, but an even better idea is expose your skin to sunlight daily (always with caution), in order to force your body to produce more vitamin D.

EXERCISE, however painful and distasteful, is essential if the disease is not to get progressively worse. If you don't keep your fingers moving, the stiffness and pain will surely get worse. Just going about your daily household tasks will ensure you get some movement but some specific exercises each day will improve flexibility. Just washing your hands in a basin of hot water will help to increase the circulation and reduce the pain.

HOUSEHOLD AIDS: There is a great and varied selection of devices to help you cope more easily in the home.

One small tool removes pills from various pill packs and collects them in the handle.

A key turner has a curved built in handle to fit yale or mortice type door keys, providing extra leverage.

You can buy a tool, with a long handle, which fits over most types of tap and will give you much more leverage with little effort.

Special Pencil and Pen Grips make writing more controllable.

Wearing oedema gloves during the night may bring comfort and relief from the pain. They provide gentle compression which acts to reduce swelling and the pain of arthritis in the wrists and hands.

A handiplug consists of a standard three pin plug base with a looped handle to facilitate removal.

Mounted table scissors can be operated by the pressure of one hand depressing the "T" shaped handle. Once pressure is released, the scissors open automatically.

Most telephone companies supply phones designed especially for customers with weak or stiff fingers and easy-to-operate light switches are also available.